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Locavesting: The Revolution in Local Investing and How to Profit From It Review

Locavesting: The Revolution in Local Investing and How to Profit From It
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Locavesting: The Revolution in Local Investing and How to Profit From It ReviewIf Michael Pollan changed the way you think about food, let Amy Cortese change the way you think about finance.
Modern finance helps you invest in offshore drilling rigs 10,000 miles away within a matter of seconds but makes it nearly impossible to keep your favorite dive bar or local bakery from being shut down because they can't get the simplest of loans. It greases the wheels to turn your dollars into another Starbucks, but will stand in your way in keeping the corner coffee shop open. It strangles small businesses in their infancy and channels the world's financial resources towards the biggest and most well-connected companies. This senseless perversion of finance is the same reason that the recession shuttered independent store fronts across the country, while their chain-store counterparts never closed and even expanded into the very same empty storefronts, never to close. This fundamental misalignment is addressed head-on by Locavesting, which confronts Big Finance directly, with art and an intelligence that comprehends the big picture of modern finance (and its distortions), and opens the door to the solution: local investment, an option that provides a host of solutions, all ripe for the picking.
By way of background, I worked as a financial professional drafting and polishing financial disclosures for Fortune 500 companies and dabbling in the superstructure of Big Finance and feel like I have a good grounding in the world of finance. To that end, Cortese has clearly done her homework and has synthesized her deep understanding of the financial system to skillfully highlight the pressure points in the system, the bottlenecks preventing a more productive financial system and has clearly put her faculties to work in diagnosing the illness and prescribing the treatment. Yes, there are piles of brilliant books that tell you what went wrong with our financial system and what we should have done - but Locavesting tells us the way forward.
Even her unadorned statistics make for powerful arguments:
- Every dollar spent at a locally-owned business generates three times more direct, local economic activity than a dollar spent at a corporate-owned peer.
- Small businesses make up 99% of all U.S. companies, employ half of all private sector employees and contribute half of private GDP, yet of the $26 trillion held in public securities, not a penny goes to local business.
- Of all of the money that flows through our stock markets, 1 percent goes to productive use and the other 99 percent is trading and speculation.
We recognize that buying products is a vote -- whether commodity corn or sweatshop sneakers. We should equally recognize that an investment dollar is also a vote -- whether it goes to big box retailers and feedlots or your community bookstore and butcher. It is astounding that local finance, such a simple concept, has been so lost in the financial casino that its re-introduction feels like a revolution. We want our food to be local, we buy local to support our communities, we wax nostalgic about the un-defining of our distinctive communities, yet we still funnel all of our money into the hands of a few financial institutions (who, incidentally, recently threw themselves into chaos, took a buzzsaw to our economy and promptly continued on their merry way). Locavesting is a powerful call to re-imagine the meaning of investment and to reconsider what it means to invest -- that a thriving community and the preservation of local identity and independence can itself be a return on investment.
If you know nothing about finance or are a steely-eyed vet of the financial services industry, I would suggest that you take the time to consider the revolutionary (and ironically historical) option of investing locally, where you live. We all have to make choices and Locavesting is an indispensable tool to begin thinking about how to make those choices.Locavesting: The Revolution in Local Investing and How to Profit From It OverviewHow individuals and communities can profit from local investing
In the wake of the financial crisis, investors are faced with a stark choice: entrust their hard-earned dollars to the Wall Street casino, or settle for anemic interest rates on savings, bonds, and CDs. Meanwhile, small businesses are being starved for the credit and capital they need to grow. There's got to be a better way.
In Locavesting: The Revolution in Local Investing and How to Profit from It, Amy Cortese takes us inside the local investing movement, where solutions to some of the nation's most pressing problems are taking shape. The idea is that, by investing in local businesses, rather than faceless conglomerates, investors can earn profits while building healthy, self-reliant communities.
Introduces you to the ideas and pioneers behind the local investing movement
Profiles the people and communities who are putting their money to work in their own backyards and taking control of their destinies
Explores innovative investment strategies, from community capital and crowdfunding to local stock exchanges

With confidence in Wall Street and the government badly shaken, Americans are looking for alternatives. Local investing offers a way to rebuild our nest eggs, communities, and, just perhaps, our country. Q&A with Author Amy Cortese What is locavesting? Locavesting is a term I came up with to describe the emerging local investing movement. Most of us are familiar with the term locavore, which refers to the growing number of people that try to eat a diet sourced within a 100-mile or so radius. Locavestors are people who want to invest that way. The idea is that you can earn a profit while supporting your community. Why should we invest locally? From an economic perspective, small businesses - which, by definition are mostly locally owned - create more than two out of every three jobs. They also benefit their communities in ways that big corporations do not. Studies have shown that a dollar spent at a locally owned business generates three times more direct economic benefits to the community, measured in wages and local spending, than a dollar spent at a corporate-owned chain. And that gets to an important point. So many of our iconic corporations are no longer connected to any place at all, they are global, they produce in overseas factories, and they employ more people outside the U.S. than within. Local business owners, in contrast, have a stake in their communities - they live there, after all - so they make decisions in a different way than a corporation that is solely interested in maximizing profit. From an investment perspective, local businesses can be quite successful. They're not just mom and pops; they can be established, growing multi-million dollar enterprises. I would also argue that their proximity and familiarity makes them a less risky investment than, say, sinking money into a company halfway around the world whose business you don't understand, or investing in a seemingly safe company like AIG or Lehman Brothers or BP. That said, no one is suggesting that everyone go out and invest all of their money in the local hardware store. But local businesses can be part of a smart diversification strategy. And here's why it's important. These firms - the ones that create jobs and contribute to a vibrant local economy - need capital to grow like any business. But they've been largely abandoned by Wall Street and traditional funding sources. Think about what life would be like without these businesses. So why aren't more people investing locally? Well, it's actually not that easy to do. Our securities laws, which were crafted nearly 80 years ago, make it very difficult for investors who are not super wealthy to put money into private businesses, and for those businesses to reach out to their communities. It's easier for most people to invest in a company half way around the world than one in their own backyard. And that's a shame. But it can be done. I wrote the book to highlight the different ways that people are coming up with to put money into their local businesses. And there is a groundswell of activity in this area.Give me some examples.There is an amazing amount of activity going on across the U.S. and in other countries. Some of my favorite examples are the ad-hoc community capital deals, where residents become investors in a beloved business. In Brooklyn, where I live, two-dozen residents of Fort Greene lent a total of $70,000 to help a new neighborhood bookstore open, and a year later it is thriving. Nine cops in Clare, Michigan pitched in to buy a 111-year old bakery that was about to be shuttered. Instead of another vacancy on their main drag, the new bakery has helped revitalize downtown Clare. In the area of food, Slow Money is a cool organization that is creating new ways of financing sustainable food and agricultural enterprises. There are other models as well. Crowdfunding sites like Kiva and Kickstarter have showed that aggregating small sums from many people can be a successful way to fund a venture. But they are either donations or interest-free loans. Now crowdfunding is being applied to equity and debt investments in businesses that earn profits for investors. Direct public offerings, which are like IPOs but conducted without a Wall Street middleman, allow companies to reach out directly to their most loyal customers and supporters to raise funds. And local stock exchanges are making a comeback. Can you talk more about local stock exchanges? Sure. Many people don't realize that less than 100 years ago, we had dozens of regional stock exchanges across the country that fueled their local economies. Baltimore, Buffalo, St. Louis, Salt Lake City, Seattle, Wheeling, W. Virginia - they all had their own stock markets. That changed, of course, with advances in communications technology. The local exchanges gradually died out or merged. Today, our stock markets are global and efficient, but they facilitate speculation over productive investment. And escalating costs have made it prohibitively expensive for many deserving firms to go public. According to one study (by Grant Thornton), the capital markets are effectively closed to 80% of companies that need them. That's why we're seeing a revival of the local stock exchange idea. There are initiatives underway in places as varied as Lancaster, Pennsylvania, Hawaii, Cleveland, and Toronto to recreate the local exchanges that once served their areas so well.These exchanges would provide an important source of liquidity for many locavesting models. Did you come across anything surprising through the course of researching your book? Well, I've been struck by how strongly people feel about their local businesses, and the yearning out there for an alternative to the winner-take-all ways of Wall Street, for solutions that promote a more inclusive and broadly shared prosperity. Just as every purchase you make is a vote, every investment dollar sends a deeper message about what kind of society we want to live in.And people are starting to get that.

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Collision Course: Ronald Reagan, the Air Traffic Controllers, and the Strike that Changed America Review

Collision Course: Ronald Reagan, the Air Traffic Controllers, and the Strike that Changed America
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Collision Course: Ronald Reagan, the Air Traffic Controllers, and the Strike that Changed America ReviewAnyone who remembers 1981 remembers the day the air traffic controllers went out on strike. President Reagan ordered them to report back to work within 48 hours or else. Those who didn't (only 10% of those striking returned to work) were fired.
In Collision Course, labor historian Joseph McCartin has written an account of the formation of PATCO (the Professional Air Traffic Controllers' Organization), the strike, and what happened after Reagan fired the controllers.
Collision Course is no dull labor history. It's told almost like a thriller. McCartin refers early in the book to Arthur Hailey's novel Airport. I think he may have been inspired by Hailey to keep it punchy, because even though you know how the PATCO story ends, it's still quite exciting to read about the events leading up to the inevitable clash of union and employer.
McCartin tells many sides to the story that I wasn't aware of at the time. Reagan's decision to act tough had just as much to do with foreign policy as it did with labor relations. He was dealing with the Soviets and needed to appear decisive and ruthless. McCartin also tells how the controller population was overwhelmingly male, white, and ex-military. It's possible (although McCartin doesn't explore this) that their tendency to see things from a similar point of view was part of their downfall. PATCO dismissed the concerns of the few blacks and women among their numbers, and they also failed to consider how their increasing demands might appear to the American taxpayers.
As gripping as the story is, what does it have to do with us today? Lots, according to McCartin, and he makes a convincing case. Unions were reluctant for decades after the PATCO strike to push back against a steady loss of benefits and wages, because employers figured if the president could break a strike, they could too. Even in 2011, Wisconsin Governor Scott Walker invoked Reagan's memory to justify his successful bill to eliminate bargaining rights for public workers. Never mind that Reagan acknowledged PATCO's right to bargain and only drew the line at the illegal strike. After the mass firing, unions became less and less popular, and the balance of power between employer and employee tilted heavily in favor of the employer.
"They can't fire all of us." What had been a rallying cry for the PATCO controllers before the strike became gallows humor to post-PATCO workers, an ironic reminder that yes, they can fire all of us.Collision Course: Ronald Reagan, the Air Traffic Controllers, and the Strike that Changed America OverviewIn August 1981, the Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization (PATCO) called an illegal strike. The new president, Ronald Reagan, fired the strikers, establishing a reputation for both decisiveness and hostility to organized labor. As Joseph A. McCartin writes, the strike was the culmination of two decades of escalating conflict between controllers and the government that stemmed from the high-pressure nature of the job and the controllers' inability to negotiate with their employer over vital issues.PATCO's fall not only ushered in a long period of labor decline; it also served as a harbinger of the campaign against public sector unions that now roils American politics.Collision Course sets the strike within a vivid panorama of the rise of the world's busiest air-traffic control system. It begins with an arresting account of the 1960 midair collision over New York that cost 134 lives and exposed the weaknesses of an overburdened system. Through the stories of controllers like Mike Rock and Jack Maher, who were galvanized into action by that disaster and went on to found PATCO, it describes the efforts of those who sought to make the airways safer and fought to win a secure place in the American middle class.It climaxes with the story of Reagan and the controllers, who surprisingly endorsed the Republican on the promise that he would address their grievances.That brief, fateful alliance triggered devastating miscalculations that changed America, forging patterns that still govern the nation's labor politics. Written with an eye for detail and a grasp of the vast consequences of the PATCO conflict for both air travel and America's working class, Collision Course is a stunning achievement.

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Gunfight: The Battle over the Right to Bear Arms in America Review

Gunfight: The Battle over the Right to Bear Arms in America
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Gunfight: The Battle over the Right to Bear Arms in America ReviewLet me preface this review by revealing that Adam Winkler is a friend of mine and there is no doubt in my mind that I'm at least somewhat biased. I really enjoyed this book and highly recommend it to anyone who has any interest in the Second Amendment, gun rights/control policy, or constitutional law more generally. _Gun Fight_ is well-written, interesting, informative, and above all, fair-minded. So fair-minded, in fact, that he may manage to piss off people on both sides of the debate over gun rights/control. Winkler not only does a wonderful job of telling the story of the litigation in _District of Columbia v. Heller_ but also gives an historical account of both gun rights and even more interestingly, gun control, including a fascinating chapter on the Black Panthers. Winkler refers to the Second Amendment --whether it is a group/militia right or individual right-- as "maddeningly ambiguous." The reader may say the same about his position on the Second Amendment, and some liberals will be disappointed in the extent to which he concedes more than expected to those in the guns rights camp. But that just shows how fair he has tried to be to both sides, and he shouldn't be faulted for that.Gunfight: The Battle over the Right to Bear Arms in America Overview
A provocative history that reveals how guns-not abortion, race, or religion-are at the heart of America's cultural divide.
Gunfight promises to be a seminal work in its examination of America's four-centuries-long political battle over gun control and the right to bear arms. In the tradition of Gideon's Trumpet, Adam Winkler uses the landmark 2008 case District of Columbia v. Heller, which invalidated a law banning handguns in the nation's capital, as a springboard for a groundbreaking historical narrative. From the Founding Fathers and the Second Amendment to the origins of the Klan, ironically as a gun control organization, the debate over guns has always generated controversy. Whether examining the Black Panthers' role in provoking the modern gun rights movement or Ronald Reagan's efforts to curtail gun ownership, Winkler brilliantly weaves together the dramatic stories of gun rights advocates and gun control lobbyists, providing often unexpected insights into the venomous debate that now cleaves our nation. 20 black-and-white illustrations

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