Showing posts with label president. Show all posts
Showing posts with label president. Show all posts

Rutherford B. Hayes: Warrior and President Review

Rutherford B. Hayes: Warrior and President
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Rutherford B. Hayes: Warrior and President ReviewHoogenboom has produced a readable and scholarly look at Rutherford B. Hayes. His research is able and exhaustive and there are few (if any) errors of fact here. It's interesting that he spends much time on Hayes' sometimes neglected civil war career, with interesting results. Hayes emerges as a fairly interesting, if not always sympathetic character and a man who was highly intelligent.
Hoogenboom also illuminates Hayes' happy marriage to Lucy, and the tragedies they endured while losing some of their children. He throws ample light on Hayes as a human being and as a man, as well as a soldier and eventually President.
I recommend this book to anyone with an interest in Antebellum politics, Hayes or America in the late 19th century.Rutherford B. Hayes: Warrior and President Overview

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Realigning America: McKinley, Bryan, and the Remarkable Election of 1896 (American Presidential Elections) Review

Realigning America: McKinley, Bryan, and the Remarkable Election of 1896 (American Presidential Elections)
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Realigning America: McKinley, Bryan, and the Remarkable Election of 1896 (American Presidential Elections) ReviewAs the editors note in the forward to this book, "[e]very election seems `critical' at the time it is held", yet only a very few prove to be truly pivotal in terms of reshaping the national political landscape. The presidential election of 1896 is one of those that deserves to be ranked in that select category. As R. Hal Williams explains, over the course of the contest between William McKinley and William Jennings Bryan, "[n]ew voting patterns replaced the old, a new majority party arose to govern the country, and national policies shifted to suit the new realities." Williams's book, a volume in the "American Presidential Elections" series published by the University Press of Kansas, offers a history of the campaign, one that details just how and why it changed the nation in such profound and lasting ways.
Williams begins his study by providing the background to the election with a description of the political environment of the period. American voters began the decade by handing the Democratic Party a series of victories in the elections of 1890 and 1892, culminating in the return of Grover Cleveland to the White House. In the decades prior to the 1890s, the parties were closely matched, with presidential election usually decided by a mere percentage point or two - an environment that Williams notes made politicians cautious and denied any one party the majority needed to carry out bold initiatives. Exploiting discontent with Republican policies, Democratic candidates scored a series of victories at the start of the decade, victories which seemed to signal a realignment in their direction.
Yet these victories soon proved to be pyrrhic. Cleveland's inauguration coincided with a growing business panic, one that triggered a painful economic depression. Exacerbating the problem was a demand for gold that drained the government's reserved to dangerously low levels. Though many Democrats demanded that currency be made redeemable in silver as well as gold, Cleveland instead sought to repeal the Sherman Silver Purchase Act, a move that earned the enmity of many within his party. As Williams notes, silver took on a symbolic importance out of all relation to its actual economic significance. Most Democrats soon moved to repudiate the unpopular Cleveland, while the pro-gold standard Republicans profited from voter discontent with both his party and his administration.
With victory in the upcoming presidential contest increasingly likely, a number of Republicans sought their party's nomination. Williams argues, though, that it was never much of a contest, with McKinley easily sewing up the nomination well before the party's contest. He emerges in these pages not as Mark Hanna's colorless puppet, but as a shrewd politician who worked hard for several years to become the Republicans' frontrunner. While no less ambitious, Bryan faced a more challenging path to his party's nomination one dependent upon several breaks that all went his way. As Williams points out, both men's campaigns presaged the presidential contests of the century to come: Bryan's for his systematic touring of the country to win over voters, McKinley's for the move away from the "military" style of campaigning that prevailed after the Civil War in favor of one that marketed the candidate and his issues to voters. Though Williams argues that Bryan performed better than any other Democratic candidate would have, McKinley's victory proved to be the most lopsided in nearly a quarter-century, ushering in a period of Republican political dominance that would last until the Great Depression.
With an extensive background as a historian of the politics of the era, Williams is a sure guide to the context and events of the 1896 presidential campaign. His book provides an insightful study of the contest, one that explains its role in shaping the history of our country. The attention Williams gives to the role of the third party campaigns is especially commendable, for while they played perhaps only a minor role in shaping the outcome he shows how the reflect the pivotal issues of the election. All of this makes Williams's book the go-to account for anyone seeking to understand this pivotal presidential election or politics in the 1890s, one that will serve as the standard by which other books in the subject will be measured for decades to come.Realigning America: McKinley, Bryan, and the Remarkable Election of 1896 (American Presidential Elections) OverviewThe presidential election of 1896 is widely acknowledged as one of only a few that brought about fundamental realignments in American politics. New voting patterns replaced old, a new majority party came to power, and national policies shifted to reflect new realities. R. Hal Williams now presents the first study of that campaign in nearly fifty years, offering fresh interpretations on the victory of Republican William McKinley over Democrat William Jennings Bryan. In tracing the triumph of gold over silver in this fabled "battle of the standards," R. Hal Williams also tells how the Republicans--the party of central government, national authority, sound money, and activism--pulled off a stunning win over the Democrats--the party of state's rights, decentralization, inflation, and limited government. Meanwhile the People's Party, one of the most prominent third parties in the country's history, which also nominated Bryan, went down to a defeat from which it would never recover. Williams plunges readers into a contest that set new standards in financing, organization, and accountability, and he analyzes the transition from the long-dominant "military style" of campaign to the "educational style" that appealed to a savvier electorate. He also presents key players in new light: he views Bryan not simply as a gifted speaker whose "Cross of Gold" speech took the Democratic convention by storm, but as a more calculating politician with his eye squarely on the nomination; he depicts McKinley's campaign manager Mark Hanna not as the one-dimensional fundraising machine painted by history but rather as a shrewd, insightful politician who understood what was required to get his man elected; and he presents retiring president Cleveland as an increasingly out-of-touch, irrelevant chief executive whom the Democrats repudiated in a way no other party ever had a sitting president.With the Republicans' star on the rise and the Democrats banished to the South and the cities, the 1896 election was more than a victory of one party over another, it marked the emergence of new ways of politicking that makes this campaign especially relevant for twenty-first-century readers.This book is part of the American Presidential Elections series.

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First Lady Florence Harding: Behind the Tragedy and Controversy (Modern First Ladies) Review

First Lady Florence Harding: Behind the Tragedy and Controversy (Modern First Ladies)
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First Lady Florence Harding: Behind the Tragedy and Controversy (Modern First Ladies) ReviewProfessor Sibley claims that "this book is the first to offer a full treatment of Florence as first lady, rather than as a supporting actress in a drama of scandalous dealings, womanizing, and illicit booze." (page 2), but is incorrect on two counts. First, historian Carl Anthony has already done a masterful job detailing the life of Florence Harding ("Florence Harding: First Lady the Jazz Age and the Death of America's Most Scandalous President"). Second, her book unsuccessfully tries to divorce the life of Florence from her adulterous husband Warren. You cannot write in a vacuum. This is unfortunate, for in order to understand Florence, you have to deal with her husband. And when she does touch on Warren's sordid lifestyle, she does it in a way that always gives him the benefit of the doubt.
The cover-up of Harding's scandalous lifestyle began with the Harding Memorial Association, formed shortly after his death. Family members then, and even now, have managed, through lawsuit, and intimidation, to keep pertinent factual information from competent historians. The author finally tells us on page 240, what all the rest of us have known all along, that because of this continual cover-up, no competent biography can be written, including hers. I quote: "Shrouded in mystery, the Harding years reminded subject to rumor and speculation of the worst kind, chiefly on the basis of the scandals that surfaced after Harding's death. Florence contributed to this poisoned picture in other ways; she refused to endorse any biography or collection of her husband's speeches that she did not direct or edit herself." (Emphasis mine).
Thus, this book is not the final full treatment that the author pretends. It is a rehash of old information. Little is learned from Florence's diary, which the author reports to have seen, but does not correctly cite, nor does she disclose where these papers are at present. Her treatment of Florence as First Lady, which was to main course of this book, has been relegated to an appetizer inserted in chapter four. And it consists of very thinly researched material concerning her life in the White House, her close friends, her kidney illness, and her experiences on the presidential trip out West. Most of this was fluff: tidbits revealed by news articles, but never really getting at the "real" Florence Harding.
Instead of a proper Bibliography, the author follows another Harding rehabilitation entrepreneur, Phillip Payne (who wrote his own version of Harding: "Dead Last"), under the rubric of "Biographical Essay," a final section of the book in which she cavalierly dismisses author upon author, only because they told the truth about the Harding scandals. She needs to heed her own advice given on page 324, note 27: "(There are) dangers of writing biographies and the ways in which perceived partisanship can poison a book's reception." Sibley is guilty herself of "corrosive bias, assiduous mudslinging" against other academic authors, without any proof provided in her refutation of them. Even Professor Sibley's Introduction follows the same pattern as Phillip Payne's book on Harding: a diatribe against previous biographers of Harding...without offering any proof whatsoever. This is pure balderdash. It's almost as if Phillip Payne was the ghost writer for this book. The parallels between the Payne book and this one are striking. In fact, as I read page after page, I wondered who really was writing this book.
Other problems with the book include:
On page 23, the author inaccurately states that Francis Russell kept the Harding love letters to Carrie out of his book, ("The Shadow of Blooming Grove,") "by agreement with the Harding Memorial Association." The truth is that the Memorial Association and Ohio Historical Society, in concert with still-living Harding relatives, brought a lawsuit against Russell's publisher, which publisher had to pay thousands in a settlement to the relatives, and agree to sequester the documents until 2014 in the Library of Congress.
Sibley doubts the veracity of Evelyn McLean, Chief Usher Ike Hoover, Alice Roosevelt Longworth, and Head Housekeeper Elizabeth Jaffray, and their eye-witness, first-person descriptions of Florence Harding's volatile interaction with husband Warren, because it is "completely out of character with mellow Warren." (page 166). Mellow Warren? It's ludicrous that the author denies that Harding had any booze in the White House at all; even though Florence was present serving the mixed drinks herself on many occasions. Grammatically speaking, the author over uses the exclamation (!) point. She has also ignored the issue of Warren Harding's Black heritage: he was an Octoroon. Sibley pleads ignorance on just how Florence discovered Warren's affair with neighbor Carrie Phillips; yet admits that he had purchased her a new Buick car. The author also omits telling about the thousands of dollars of hush money paid by the Republican Campaign Committee to Carrie and her husband, sending them on a round the world tour with a monthly income, keeping them from the prying eyes and ears of reporters. The author's dismissal of the Nan Britton papers opened in 2000 is unfortunate, for she left other sources untapped. She ignores the known facts of Harding's illicit child by Nan, and the other women Warren had affairs with, including his US Senate secretary. Sibley states that Harding didn't father any children because he had had the mumps! (Emphasis mine). While stating that Gaston Means' book on Harding as a fake, she doesn't tell you that Florence had actually hired Means as a private eye to investigate Warren's illicit behavior. No new pictures are included in the book; and several have no caption to identify the subjects. Sibley skips over the Teapot Dome Scandal entirely, by flatly denying that the Harding's knew anything about the scandals early on. Mistakes are everywhere in this book, ad nauseum. Dr. Joel Boone was not a homeopath physician, as stated on page 158. Nothing is said about how "Dr." Sawyer, the homeopathic physician got his job at the White House and his lack of medical training, not to mention the lack thereof of Harding's father. Harding's special train was continuously misspelled as "The Superbe" (p. 182, 215, et.al.) Harding's private Pullman "The Superb" was built in 1911, and is now housed at the Southeastern Railway Museum. This book needs a careful editorial audit and re-write. I also have to wonder about this author's credentials, when she stated that one of her best sources of information was what she gathered from Ebay!
Professor Sibley is an academic "reputational entrepreneur," who has attempted to rehabilitate the reputation of Florence Harding and her husband Warren. It simply cannot be done. Warren Harding remains the worst U.S. President, and Florence knew what was going on in his private life. I wished for more space given Florence Harding as an activist First Lady.
First Lady Florence Harding: Behind the Tragedy and Controversy (Modern First Ladies) OverviewFlorence Kling Harding has come down through history as one of our most scorned first ladies. Victimized by caricatures and branded a shrew, she stands at the bottom of historians' polls, her reputation tarnished by her husband's scandals despite their joint popularity while in office. These depictions, argues Katherine Sibley, have prevented us today from seeing how innovative a first lady Florence Harding really was.This new look at Mrs. Harding restores humanity to an oft-maligned figure by examining her progressive causes, her celebrity, and her role in her husband's work. For if Eleanor Roosevelt is credited with shattering the first lady's ceremonial mold, it was Florence Harding who made the first cracks. Sibley's is the first book to offer a full treatment of Florence as first lady rather than as mere supporting actress in the Harding administration. Never shying from publicity, she made herself more available to the press than did her predecessors and opened the White House up to the public. And she took such a pioneering role in Warren Harding's campaign and presidency that many thought she outdid her husband as a politician.Turning to primary sources that others have overlooked, Sibley challenges the clichés about Florence's time in the national spotlight. She describes how Mrs. Harding supported racial equality, lobbied for better treatment for veterans and female prisoners, and maintained a lifelong interest in preventing animal cruelty. As adviser to her husband, she assisted with his speechwriting and consulted with the cabinet; she was also the first first lady to deliver spontaneous speeches while traveling with the president.At a personal level, Sibley examines in detail how Mrs. Harding responded to her husband's death, assessing why this tragedy struck Americans with such force even as national empathy proved so fleeting. She also offers a more nuanced description of the president's philandering, viewing Nan Britton's claims with skepticism while noting the effects on Florence of his dalliance with Carrie Phillips.Florence Harding bequeathed an activist legacy, and it is due to her example that aspiring presidential wives are expected to campaign with their husbands and be accessible to public and press. Florence Harding truly set the stage for those to follow; this book delivers the full and fair portrait that has long been her due.This book is part of the Modern First Ladies series.

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